Personal Pronouns (asmad yushmad)

• Replaces other nominal words
  • Raamo nagaram gacchati (Rama goes to the city)
  • Sa nagaram gacchati (He goes to the city)
• In Sanskrtam, pronounces can be left out (assuming prior context.
  • Sa nagaram gacchati (He goes to the city)
  • Nagaram gacchati (He goes to the city)

Asmad

Asmad Words

• I is aham
• Me is maam
• The two of us is aavaam
• We is vayam
• Us is asmaan

Yushmad

Yusmad Words

• Thou is tvam
• You is yuuyam

Demonstrative Pronouns (tad etad idam adas)

• etad is used for things near at hand
• idam is used for things slightly further away
• adas is used for things much further away
• tad is used for things that are not present

tad and etad

for etad, simply add e’ before each form. the only unusal changes are that sah becomes eshah and saa becomes eshaa*, due to* sandhi*.***

idam

adas

interrogative/relative pronouns (kim and yad)

kim

• used to ask questions
  • kas tvam — who are you
  • tvam kasmai phalam dadaasi — to whom are you giving the fruit
  • kasmaat raavanah sitam icchati — why/for what reason does ravana want sita
• kim uses the same endings as tad, but in its neuter singular form in cases 1 and 2, it stays as kim
  • kim etat — what is this
• masc. c1 sing. (kah) uses normal sandhi rules

-chit and -chana

yad

Pronominal Adjectives

• Adjectives that behave like pronouns
• Almost all stems use -m in the neuter singular case 1 and 2